What is Micro Frontends?
An architecture that splits a web UI into independently developed, deployed, and owned fragments composed at runtime or build time.
Definition
Micro frontends extend microservice thinking to the browser: separate teams own vertical slices of the UI—checkout, search, account—each with its own repository, pipeline, and release cadence. Composition techniques include Webpack Module Federation (runtime sharing of remote modules), edge-side or server-side includes, iframes for hard isolation, and custom elements as framework-neutral seams. Spotify, IKEA, and Zalando run variants in production. The costs are real: duplicated framework payloads, cross-fragment routing and state coordination, and design consistency, typically countered with shared design systems and dependency contracts. It pays off mainly when organizational scale, not code size, is the bottleneck.